A Review on Unveiling the Secrets of Epitranscriptomics: RNA Modifications in Health and Diseases

Abstract

In recent years, epitranscriptomics has emerged as an enthralling frontier in molecular biology, redefining our understanding of RNA's multifaceted role in cellular processes and disease. This abstract provides a glimpse into the novel insights gleaned from recent studies on epitranscriptomics, highlighting its profound implications for health and disease. The dynamic field of epitranscriptomics has unearthed an astonishing array of chemical modifications gracing RNA molecules, reminiscent of the epigenetic marks on DNA. These modifications, ranging from N6-methyladenosine (m6A) to 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and pseudouridine (Ψ), intricately regulate RNA structure, stability, and function. Recent research endeavours have uncovered the intricate mechanisms behind these RNA modifications and their pivotal roles in cellular processes. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent RNA modification, has emerged as a central player in gene expression regulation. Recent studies have revealed its impact on mRNA splicing, stability, and translation, opening new avenues for understanding cellular responses to external cues and its dysregulation's link to diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration.5-methylcytosine (m5C), analogous to DNA methylation, has shown its importance in RNA stability and translation regulation. Recent findings highlight its involvement in immune responses and RNA virus replication, unveiling its intricate role in host-pathogen interactions. Pseudouridine (Ψ), the most abundant RNA modification, has long remained enigmatic. Recent studies have illuminated its roles in tRNA stability and function, and intriguingly, its involvement in mRNA translation regulation, shedding new light on its biological significance.In the realm of health and disease, epitranscriptomics emerges as a central player. Dysregulated RNA modifications are increasingly associated with a spectrum of diseases, from cancer to neurological disorders. These findings offer exciting prospects for targeted therapies and diagnostic tools, opening new horizons in personalized medicine. This abstract underscore the transformative impact of recent epitranscriptomics research, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize our understanding of RNA biology, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic interventions. As we journey deeper into the intricate world of RNA modifications, the secrets unveiled therein hold the promise of illuminating the path toward novel treatments and precision medicine approaches.